Selon nos confrères de Jeune Afrique, la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement (Cnuced) a demandé, le mardi 30 mars 2020, que les pays en développement reçoivent une aide de 2 500 milliards de dollars pour surmonter le choc sanitaire et économique du Covid-19 et notamment que 236 milliards de dollars de la dette africaine soient reportés ou annulés.
Pour réellement aider ces pays à surmonter cette période de pandémie qui ronge l’économie mondiale, la CENUCED a proposé une stratégie en quatre points.
Premièrement, une injection massive de liquidités de 1 000 milliards de dollars sous forme de Droits de tirage spéciaux du Fonds monétaire international (FMI) et d’un apport en devises fortes.
Deuxièmement, un « jubilé » sur la dette des pays en grande difficulté sous la forme d’un « arrêt des remboursements des dettes des États suivi d’une réduction significative de cette dette ». Cela mobiliserait aussi 1 000 milliards de dollars. « Beaucoup d’États africains seront dans l’incapacité d’assurer le service de leurs dettes et refinancer celle-ci leur coûterait encore plus cher, précise Nicolas Maystre. Par exemple, l’Égypte devrait rembourser cette année 100,8 milliards de dollars, soit 40% de son produit intérieur brut (PIB), le Nigeria, 47,2 milliards soit 10 % de son PIB et Madagascar, 1,6 milliard seulement mais qui pèse 10% de son PIB. Nous estimons à 236 milliards, le montant qu’il faudrait apporter pour réduire ce fardeau des pays africains pour lesquels nous disposons de statistiques ».
Troisièmement, la Cnuced réclame un « Plan Marshall » de 500 milliards de dollars sous forme de dons afin de renforcer les services de santé des pays en développement et la création de systèmes de protection sociale.
Enfin, le rapport suggère un meilleur contrôle des mouvements de capitaux pour empêcher une aggravation de leur fuite, pour limiter le risque de raréfaction des liquidités et pour stopper la chute des devises et des prix des actifs.
Le rapport conclut que les 2 500 milliards de dollars qu’il propose dans ce « paquet » correspondent à ce que les pays développés auraient dû verser aux pays en développement s’ils avaient tenu la promesse faite à l’ONU de consacrer 0,7 % de leur revenu national brut à l’aide aux pays les plus pauvres.
Source : Jeune Afrique
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